XXI century:
On April 9, 2000, after a disputed election, Fujimori achieved a third term. The opposition, led by Alejandro Toledo, tried to prevent the re-election amid massive popular protests in the capital. A few months later, on September 14, spread films where bribery was clearly in opposition of some Congressmen and businessmen to favor the Government, which precipitated the fall of the regime. Fujimori resignation from abroad and takes refuge in Japan, a country of Citizenship. Congress did not accept the resignation and dismissed him, unable to exercise any political office for ten years. The then President of Congress Valentin Paniagua, was sworn in as new President of the Republic the resignation of two vice-presidents on 22 November.
The transitional government was directed to the organization of new elections and a deep moralization campaign of state apparatus and military forces that had fallen under the influence of the system. The President signed contracts for exploitation of the Camisea gas fields, and calls for a controversial Truth Commission to investigate the fight against terrorism in recent years.
In the elections on April 8, 2001, Alejandro Toledo is declared as the new President of the Republic. These are also characterized by the return of Alan García and his very surprising second in the race. The paradox is that his government enjoyed low popularity, wrapped in accusations of corruption of the most diverse nature, while achieving the Peruvian economy had overcome the recession and strong growth especially in the capital, the central highlands and north coast. During this period, successfully negotiated a Free Trade Agreement with the United States at the time which was not seen favorably by farmers in the country because they feared they had a negative effect on their economies.
In the elections on April 9 and June 4, 2006, amid protests rarefied atmosphere by different social organizations pushing for a better distribution of national wealth, is reelected President Alan Garcia (with a speech profile ien more moderate than his first term) against nationalist Ollanta Humala.